浅谈绿色生态住宅供需双方应注意的问题

介绍了绿色生态住宅理念的提出背景、绿色生态住宅所遵循的战略及其内涵，指出绿色生态住宅的核心是遵循住宅可持续发展战略。一方面，重点从环境规划设计、室内环境质量、小区水环境、材料与资源及建筑节能等6个方面论述了开发商在开发建设绿色生态住宅时应达到的技术和标准，以规范绿色生态住宅的开发与建设；另一方面，提醒消费者在购买绿色生态住宅时应着重考虑日照时间、空气湿度、主导风向和空气质量等气象因素及环境要素。     

Community attitudes to cystic fibrosis carrier testing in England: A pilot study

Inexpensive and accurate carrier testing for cystic fibrosis (CF) will be possible in the near future. There are no existing studies on the attitudes of English persons in the community to carrier testing for CF or any other recessive disorder. We have conducted a trial study of 166 persons at two schools, two doctors' surgeries, and a family planning clinic. Only a minority had clear pre-existing knowledge of cystic fibrosis and its genetic nature. However, over 80 per cent of those questioned expressed interest in knowing their carrier status. Although it is well known that uptake can only be assessed when a service is in place, and while further studies are required to confirm that testing will be of interest to couples of reproductive age with no previous knowledge of CF, the data strongly suggest that there will be interest in communitywide testing for CF carrier status when such a test becomes available in the United Kingdom.     

云南含笑群落的植物区系地理(英文)

云南含笑群落有维管植物85科、181属、289种。据科、属区系成分的分析的结果,这种群落主要为热带性质;种的区系组成主要由华西南特有、中国-喜马拉雅、华夏特有、东亚特有以及东亚至南亚与东南亚等成分构成。     

"共同体"范围扩展与环境权利体系--可持续发展研究

探讨了深入研究可持续发展的两个基本问题：主体范围问题，环境权利体系问题。与“人类中心论”认为道德只调整人与人之间关系不同，“生态中心论”认为起码应把受人类社会影响最大的一部分自然物与人的关系作为环境道德调整的直接客体，人类与这部分自然物构成社会的扩展体－“共同体”，环境权利体系则试图把环境权利内容扩展至生物多样性，赋予生物物种生存权利，主体范围和权利内容扩展的目的是确立可持续发展的权利体系。     

黄浦江上游底栖动物的指示生物生态研究

就黄浦江上游水质现状，底栖动物指示种的适用范围及其对污染的指示意义，加以探讨，研究，结果筛选出适应于当前水质状况的底栖动物有颤蚓，水丝蚓，珍珠蚌，钩虾和摇蚊幼虫等指示种，从底栖动物指示种的变化，可预测水质变化的趋势以及季节性的差异。     

着生藻类群落在黄浦江水质监测中的应用

在分析黄浦江不同断面水质理化指标的基础上，从着生藻类群落中的优势种、两类多样性指数等参数的变动状况，分析不同断面的水质对参照点着生藻类群落的影响。生物多样性指数、硅藻指数与水质级别关系分析表明，除部分次数的实验相关性不好外，基本能反映水质相对级别的差异，且季节性数值差异较小。研究指出：在了解参照点水质的情况下，可以通过对参照点藻类群落的室内测试来定性或者定量监测同一河流水质生态环境的综合状况，较之野外生态调查，可以节省大量的工作量。     

Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5: Sensitivities impacting model performance: Part I—Ozone

This study examines ozone (O₃) predictions from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5 and discusses potential factors influencing the model results. Daily maximum 8-h average O₃ levels are largely underpredicted when observed O₃ levels are above 85 ppb and overpredicted when they are below 35 ppb. Using a clustering approach, model performance was examined separately for several different synoptic regimes. Under the most common synoptic conditions of a typical summertime Bermuda High setup, the model showed good overall performance for O₃, while associations have been identified here between other, less frequent, synoptic regimes and the O₃ overprediction and underprediction biases. A sensitivity test between the CB-IV and CB05 chemical mechanisms showed that predictions of daily maximum 8-h average O₃ using CB05 were on average 7.3% higher than those using CB-IV. Boundary condition (BC) sensitivity tests show that the overprediction biases at low O₃ levels are more sensitive to the BC O₃ levels near the surface than BC concentrations aloft. These sensitivity tests also show the model performance for O₃ improved when using the global GEOS-CHEM BCs instead of default profiles. Simulations using the newest version of the CMAQ model (v4.6) showed a small improvement in O₃ predictions, particularly when vertical layers were not collapsed. Collectively, the results suggest that key synoptic weather patterns play a leading role in the prediction biases, and more detailed study of these episodes are needed to identify further modeling improvements.     

无机碳对浮游藻类生长和群落结构的影响

采用水族箱生态模拟方法,利用碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠作为碱度调节剂设置不同碱度水平,研究了氮磷营养相对充足的试验水体中藻类各相关指标对无机碳的响应,并对试验过程中所测得的理化指标和生物指标进行统计分析.研究表明:富营养水体无机碳含量与藻类叶绿素水平存在着正相关关系;适当增加水体中的无机碳浓度能够改变蓝、绿藻门种类比例;当碱度水平达到一定程度时,铜绿微囊藻可以逐渐成为优势种,并从体系中上升,演替成为水华.     

To fission or to fusion: effects of community size on wild chimpanzee (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pan troglodytes verus</Emphasis>) social organisation

To balance advantages and disadvantages of group living, some species have fission-fusion social systems in which members of the same group form frequently changing subgroups. This allows flexible responses of group size to external conditions while at the same time retaining group stability. In chimpanzees, subgroup (party) size and composition depend mainly on the presence of receptive females, food availability and the activity of the party. Here we analyse the extent to which fission-fusion parameters are influenced by changes of demographic variables like community size and composition. Data were collected from a habituated West African chimpanzee community (Taï forest, Côte dIvoire) over 10 years, during which total community size decreased from 51 to 21, and the number of adult males decreased from 9 to 2. Taï chimpanzees are highly gregarious, as they spend more than 80% of their time with unrelated conspecifics. With decreasing community size, party size, party duration and male-female association increased. Neither activity nor the presence of receptive females or feeding competition could explain the observed changes in grouping patterns. Thus, the decrease in community size led to an increase of party cohesion and also enhanced cohesiveness between the sexes, while general sociality remained unchanged. Therefore, our data support the notion that small communities are more cohesive and have a less flexible fission-fusion system.Communicated by D. Watts     

Assemblage stability in stream fishes: A review

We quantified the stability of nine stream fish assemblages by calculating coefficients of variation of population size for assemblage members. Coefficients of variation were high and averaged over 96%; indicating that most assemblages were quite variable. Coefficient of variation (CV) estimates were not significantly affected by: (1) years of study, (2) mean abundance, (3) familial classification, or (4) mean interval between collections. We also detected minor regional differences in CVs. The high variability exhibited by many stream fish assemblages suggests that it may be difficult to detect the effects of anthropogenic disturbances using population data alone. Consequently, we urge managers to exercise caution in the evaluation of the effects of these disturbances. More long-term studies of the ecological characteristics of undisturbed stream fish assemblages are needed to provide a benchmark against which disturbed systems can be compared. We suggest that CVs are a better estimator of population/assemblage stability, than either Kendall's W or the standard deviation of the logarithms of numerical censuses. This conclusion is based on the following reasons. First, CVs scale population variation by the mean and, hence, more accurately measure population variability. Second, this scaling permits the comparison of populations with different mean abundances. Finally, the interpretation of CV values is less ambiguous than either of the aforementioned metrics.